Alberto Ferrari and Marco Russo provide an introduction:
Value filter behavior controls the SUMMARIZECOLUMNS behavior that changes how filters are applied to the measure evaluation. This is mostly relevant when developers use the filter arguments in SUMMARIZECOLUMNS.
The topic is very broad, and we will just be able to scratch the surface here. However, the good news is that most developers do not need to learn the intricacies of value filter behavior. This property has three settings: Automatic, Independent, and Coalesced. The safest and most correct setting is the one introduced in 2025: Independent. Coalesced was the default setting before 2025, whereas Automatic retains Coalesced for older models, and it sets Independent for new models.
Read on to learn more about these behaviors and what they mean for your queries.