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Category: Machine Learning

Data and Compute in Azure ML

Published 2022-01-10 by Kevin Feasel

I continue a series on low-code machine learning with Azure ML:

Once you have a datastore, you’re going to want to create at least one dataset. Datasets are versioned collections of data in some datastore. The Azure ML model is quite file-centric, and this concept makes the most sense with something like a data lake, where we have different extracts of data over different timeframes. Perhaps we get an extract of customer behavior up to the year 2018, and then the next year we get customer behavior up to 2019, and so on. The idea here is that you can use the latest training data for your models, but if you want to see how current models would have stacked up against older data, the opportunity is there.

Once you have data and compute, the world is your oyster. Or something like that.

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Apache Flink ML 2.0.0

Published 2022-01-07 by Kevin Feasel

Dong Lin and Yun Gao make an announcement:

The Apache Flink community is excited to announce the release of Flink ML 2.0.0! Flink ML is a library that provides APIs and infrastructure for building stream-batch unified machine learning algorithms, that can be easy-to-use and performant with (near-) real-time latency.

This release involves a major refactor of the earlier Flink ML library and introduces major features that extend the Flink ML API and the iteration runtime, such as supporting stages with multi-input multi-output, graph-based stage composition, and a new stream-batch unified iteration library. Moreover, we added five algorithm implementations in this release, which is the start of a long-term initiative to provide a large number of off-the-shelf algorithms in Flink ML with state-of-the-art performance.

Congratulations to everybody who contributed to the project; it’s a big milestone.

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Enhancing Color Photographs via Generative Adversarial Networks

Published 2022-01-04 by Kevin Feasel

Neil Saunders re-colorizes photographs:

When I’m not at the computer writing R code, I can often be found at the computer processing photographs. Or at the computer browsing Twitter, which is how I came across Stuart Humphryes, a digital artist who enhances autochromes. Autochromes are early colour photographs, generated using a process patented by the Lumière brothers in 1903. You can find and download many examples of them online. Stuart uses a variety of software tools to clean, enhance and balance the colours, resulting in bright vivid images that often have a contemporary feel, whilst at the same time retaining the somewhat “dreamy” quality of the original.

Having read that one of his tools uses neural networks, I was keen to discover how easy it is to achieve something similar using freely-available software found online. The answer is “quite easy” – although achieving results as good as Stuart’s is somewhat more difficult. Here’s how I went about it.

Click through for the process and some really nice-looking post-production photographs.

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The Continuing Relevance of Feature Engineering

Published 2021-12-15 by Kevin Feasel

Pete Warden points out something which is obvious and still needs to be said:

One of the most exciting aspects of deep learning’s emergence in computer vision a few years ago was that it didn’t appear to require any feature engineering, unlike previous techniques like histograms-of-gradients or Haar cascades. As neural networks ate up other fields like NLP and speech, the hope was that feature engineering would become unnecessary for those domains too. At first I fully bought into this idea, and saw any remaining manually-engineered feature pipelines as legacy code that would soon be subsumed by more advanced models.

Over the last few years of working with product teams to deploy models in production I’ve realized I was wrong. I’m not the first person to raise this idea, but I have some thoughts I haven’t seen widely discussed on exactly why feature engineering isn’t going away anytime soon. One of them is that even the original vision case actually does rely on a *lot* of feature engineering, we just haven’t been paying attention. 

Read the whole thing.

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Building an MLOps Workflow with SageMaker and GitLab

Published 2021-11-26 by Kevin Feasel

Lauren Mullennex, et al, build out some pipelines:

Machine learning operations (MLOps) are key to effectively transition from an experimentation phase to production. The practice provides you the ability to create a repeatable mechanism to build, train, deploy, and manage machine learning models. To quickly adopt MLOps, you often require capabilities that use your existing toolsets and expertise. Projects in Amazon SageMaker give organizations the ability to easily set up and standardize developer environments for data scientists and CI/CD (continuous integration, continuous delivery) systems for MLOps engineers. With SageMaker projects, MLOps engineers or organization administrators can define templates that bootstrap the ML workflow with source version control, automated ML pipelines, and a set of code to quickly start iterating over ML use cases. With projects, dependency management, code repository management, build reproducibility, and artifact sharing and management become easy for organizations to set up. SageMaker projects are provisioned using AWS Service Catalog products. Your organization can use project templates to provision projects for each of your users.

In this post, you use a custom SageMaker project template to incorporate CI/CD practices with GitLab and GitLab pipelines. You automate building a model using Amazon SageMaker Pipelines for data preparation, model training, and model evaluation. SageMaker projects builds on Pipelines by implementing the model deployment steps and using SageMaker Model Registry, along with your existing CI/CD tooling, to automatically provision a CI/CD pipeline. In our use case, after the trained model is approved in the model registry, the model deployment pipeline is triggered via a GitLab pipeline.

Click through for the step-by-step guide on how to do this.

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MMLSpark Is Now SynapseML

Published 2021-11-24 by Kevin Feasel

Mark Hamilton has an announcement:

Today, we’re excited to announce the release of SynapseML (previously MMLSpark), an open-source library that simplifies the creation of massively scalable machine learning (ML) pipelines. Building production-ready distributed ML pipelines can be difficult, even for the most seasoned developer. Composing tools from different ecosystems often requires considerable “glue” code, and many frameworks aren’t designed with thousand-machine elastic clusters in mind. SynapseML resolves this challenge by unifying several existing ML frameworks and new Microsoft algorithms in a single, scalable API that’s usable across Python, R, Scala, and Java.

Read on to learn more about the library.

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ML Updates in Azure Synapse Analytics

Published 2021-11-09 by Kevin Feasel

Aria Jelinek and Nellie Gustafsson have some announcements for us:

Announced last week at Ignite 2021, data teams now have a handful of new opportunities to drive value with machine learning built directly into their Apache Spark pools in Azure Synapse Analytics.

With the general availability of our machine learning library for Apache Spark on Azure Synapse, data teams now have expanded access to both code-first and code-free ML tools for forecasting, model training, and pre-built AI. This library provides both familiar open-source tools such as LightGBM as well as proprietary solutions to provide a comprehensive, streamlined approach to ML workloads. Updates include PREDICT, a new keyword that supports scoring AzureML and MLFlow models directly in Azure Synapse, and integration with Azure Cognitive Services, now generally available.

Click through for all of the announcements.

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Document Classification in Python

Published 2021-11-01 by Kevin Feasel

Brendan Tierney performs a bit of document classification with scikit-learn and nltk:

Text mining is a popular topic for exploring what text you have in documents etc. Text mining and NLP can help you discover different patterns in the text like uncovering certain words or phases which are commonly used, to identifying certain patterns and linkages between different texts/documents. Combining this work on Text mining you can use Word Clouds, time-series analysis, etc to discover other aspects and patterns in the text. Check out my previous blog posts (post 1, post 2) on performing Text Mining on documents (manifestos from some of the political parties from the last two national government elections in Ireland). These two posts gives you a simple indication of what is possible.

We can build upon these Text Mining examples to include other machine learning algorithms like those for Classification. With Classification we want to predict or label a record or document to have a particular value. With Classification this could involve labeling a document as being positive or negative (movie or book reviews), or determining if a document is for a particular domain such as Technology, Sports, Entertainment, etc

Click through for a walkthrough of this process.

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GPU-Accelerated Analysis on Databricks using PyTorch + Huggingface

Published 2021-11-01 by Kevin Feasel

Srijith Rajamohan walks us through an example of sentiment analysis using the PyTorch and Huggingface libraries on Databricks:

Sentiment analysis is commonly used to analyze the sentiment present within a body of text, which could range from a review, an email or a tweet. Deep learning-based techniques are one of the most popular ways to perform such an analysis. However, these techniques tend to be very computationally intensive and often require the use of GPUs, depending on the architecture and the embeddings used. Huggingface (https://huggingface.co) has put together a framework with the transformers package that makes accessing these embeddings seamless and reproducible. In this work, I illustrate how to perform scalable sentiment analysis by using the Huggingface package within PyTorch and leveraging the ML runtimes and infrastructure on Databricks.

Click through for a description of the process, as well as a link to a notebook you can walk through yourself.

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