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Category: T-SQL Tuesday

Copy-Pasta’d Temp Tables and More Fun

Andy Levy shares some thoughts:

I’ve spent a lot of time over the past 8 or years trying to “right the ship.” Systems that have been built and evolved over 10-15 years and the cracks are starting to show. Yes, there’s always the hot spot code that desperately needs attention, the stored procedure that runs in 6 hours but could be 20 minutes with the right adjustments. But I’m looking at a macro level today, more “operational” than “surgical.” When I see __ in a chunk of code, it’s a signal to me that there are overarching problems in how the whole system I’m working on was built and it’s going to take me a good, long while to undo that to deliver constant performance as data grows or improve maintainability.

Andy’s main topic is pre-populated temp tables serving as lookup tables in queries. Though if Andy wants eldrich temp table horrors, I raise him global temp tables (##table) created from a separate session and a SQL Agent job that runs every minute to create it, with people ignoring the failures because “That’s how it’s supposed to work.”

I’ve never seen that in practice, but now I kind of want to do it.

Bonus comment: leading semi-colons for CTEs. I rarely do that, but when I do, it’s because a semi-colon on the same line as a batch separator doesn’t count. In other words,

GO;

WITH records as (...)

returns an error. There might be some workable variant, admittedly, but in those cases, I do put the semi-colon in front of the CTE. The rest of the time, when I know there isn’t a batch separator right before the common table expression, I of course don’t. Commas and semi-colons belong at the end, not the beginning.

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Going Non-Clustered Index-Mad

Jeff Mlakar is saying the number of NCIs is too darn high!:

I wish I could say I was exaggerating when I say that I’ve investigated query performance involving 20+ NCI on a single table on more than a few occasions. “Why not?” you may think – the more NCI the better, right? Well think on this:

Click through for the reasoning. You know it’s extra-bad when 95% of those indexes have “dta” in the name. Jeff even calls that out in the post.

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Bad Query Pattern: Wildcards on Both Ends

Chad Callihan covers this month’s T-SQL Tuesday topic:

A lot of SQL queries or code can still “work,” but that doesn’t mean it’s good, especially with so much vibe coding and the like going on these days. When I think of signs I’ve noticed when seeing a query for the first time, one thing that will get my attention (besides seeing NOLOCK throughout) is when a string is being searched for surrounded by percent signs.

I’ve had instances of working with someone that was looking for certain error logs. We may know the log record starts with “Error 123” and could search a field for “Error 123%” in our query.

Click through for the consequences of a search on “Error 123%” versus “%Error 123%”. Sometimes it’s simply necessary to do the full search, but if you find yourself doing that frequently, it’s a sign that you could design the table better.

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Bad Query Signals

Mala Mahadevan takes advantage of an extra week:

I just managed to get a post in for this landmark T-SQL Tuesday, hosted by Brent Ozar. Brent was kind enough to keep the submission window open for two weeks instead of the usual one, and I was able to sneak a post in last – minute.

His invitation is to write about the things that immediately stand out as “bad signs” when reviewing a SQL query.

Click through for Mala’s list. It’s a good list. While some items Mala calls out are defensible and quite reasonable, there are some of them (such as a LEFT OUTER JOIN whose columns show up in the WHERE clause for filtering) that are simply not.

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Two Pain Points in SQL Server Code

Steve Jones digs up a pair:

There are two things that immediately stand out to me when I see a query and create concern.

  1. cross joins
  2. functions in the where/on clause

While there are other things I might see, these two stand out and usually I can guess there will be issues.

Steve specifically calls out ANSI-89 style joins, which are awful. Before continuing, I agree with Steve’s points, but I figure I’d do a “yes, and” for this one.

When it comes to cross joins, there are specific circumstances in which I’ve written cross joins to great effect. The one that comes to mind most readily is when I need to create the raw data that will let you generate a matrix in a reporting tool.

Let’s say you want to know, for each sales territory and month, the number of new customers that month, the prior month, and the next month. The LAG() and LEAD() functions only work on rows, not intervals. Therefore, LAG() on the July row will show you the row prior to July. That might be June or it might be March, depending on how much data you have.

The solution, then, is to get the full set of months you care about from, say, a calendar table. Then, get the full set of sales territories. Cross join those two and you’ll have the entire range of relevant data. You can then left outer join to the actual data and fill in the gaps.

I have an example of this as a demo script on my Analyzing Business Data with T-SQL talk.

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Red Flags in Query Design

Thomas Williams has a list:

Nowadays I look after 3rd-party databases more than internally-developed ones, so I accept there’s a whole lot of ex-best practices, vendor preferences, and possibly shortcuts in queries I might come across – whether it’s a poorly-performing query, a blocker, or an error.

(Although, when I developed software more frequently, I was guilty of all the gripes below. My start in SQL, last century, was poring over a big yellow “For Dummies” book. I was the dummy.)

Click through for the list. I particularly hate tibbling, a rather derisive term for the malformed version of Hungarian notation. This would just lead me down a rant about how systems Hungarian notation was a mess, whereas apps Hungarian notation can be useful in certain circumstances. Tibbling provides no semantically valuable information, which is why I dislike it so much.

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T-SQL Code Smells

Rob Farley has a few:

I feel like I should preface this with a disclaimer. I added “potentially-” to the title, because there are many queries that might seem bad but can actually perform just fine. There are queries that on the surface can be great, but are nasty without a particular index, and there are queries that make me cringe a little when looking at them, but are actually okay. Brent Ozar is asking about signs of bad code for this month’s T-SQL Tuesday (the 200th – and I have a response for all 200 if you look back through my history of posts), and he wants us to write this for 2004 Brent, rather than 2026 Brent.

Click through for what Rob has come up with. I agree with all of Rob’s examples and do appreciate his usage of the APPLY operator as a way of solving one common problem.

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Traits of Sketchy Queries

Louis Davidson has a list of red flags in code:

I still feel like garbage, so I decided just a simple list would do. I will also preface this by saying each item could include “without a coherent comment.”

Everything on this list fills me with dread unless I read someone say: “Such and such was needed because the optimizer wouldn’t….” and then I at least know why they believed needed it.

Click through for Louis’s list. Most of these aren’t bad things per se, but they do serve as signs of a potential deeper issue.

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The Never-Ending Query

Andy Yun doesn’t like it:

You know THE ONE I’m talking about… it has numerous sub-queries and CTEs… JOIN after JOIN after JOIN… predicates within predicates. Or maybe it’s just an obscene MERGE statement. 

These are particularly painful to deal with because it’s hard to test the pieces in isolation and ensure that an issue earlier in the process doesn’t bite you later.

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