Chris Webb explains that Power BI is case sensitive except where it isn’t:
Case sensitivity is one of the more confusing aspects of Power BI: while the Power Query engine is case sensitive, the main Power BI engine (that means datasets, relationships, DAX etc) is case insensitive. Imke Feldmann shows how to make Power Query case insensitive through custom M here; in this blog post I’m going to concentrate on what case insensitivity means in datasets and DAX and show a way to (kind of) work around it.
Read the whole thing. Chris has a lot of great information here.