Quite a mouth full for a title but never the less very exciting. With the new version of SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 17.2 You now have the option to use Azure AD authentication for Universal Authentication with Multi-factor authentication (MFA) enabled, by that I mean use a login via SSMS that is enabled for MFA where below I will show you the two step verification using a push notification to my iPhone. (Yes iPhone I love it)
Download SSMS 17.2 from this link. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/ssms/download-sql-server-management-studio-ssms
Once installed you will see new Authentication options, the option that I want is the one highlighted below – “Active Directory – Universal with MFA support”
Click through for a demo of this. I wonder if (when?) something like this comes to on-prem, maybe in conjunction with a third-party multi-factor authentication service.