Muhammad Ali explains quite a few of the security terms in PostgreSQL:
PostgreSQL has a fine grained system for for managing user roles and privileges. This helps admins decide who can access certain data and what they’re allowed to do with it. It’s about managing permissions, where you can create different roles and roles can be a member of other roles.
In this blog, we will dive into PostgreSQL user roles and permissions, covering databases, schemas, and other objects level privileges, following a FAQ format.
Most of this is similar to security in SQL Server, though there are some differences to watch out for.