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Category: Security

Using KQL in Azure SQL DB Audits

Published 2023-12-27 by Kevin Feasel

Josephine Bush tracks what’s happening on that Azure SQL Database:

According to Microsoft, “Kusto Query Language (KQL) is a powerful tool to explore your data and discover patterns, identify anomalies and outliers, create statistical modeling, and more. The query uses schema entities that are organized in a hierarchy similar to SQLs: databases, tables, and columns.”

Note: KQL is case-sensitive for everything. Also, remember to refrain from querying everything just like you wouldn’t with SQL — don’t do the equivalent of SELECT * from gianttable.

Microsoft also has a lot of documentation with best practices and a quick reference guide to the Kusto commands. This blog post covers the ones I use the most.

Read on for a primer on the language, specifically some of the things you can do when reading Azure SQL Database audit information.

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After Login Triggers in Oracle

Published 2023-12-27 by Kevin Feasel

David Fitzjarrell performs some auditing:

In a world of ever-increasing access account security has become a major concern. More often than not accounts used for automated processes gather more and more privileges, on the assumption that they are used only by managed, automated processes and execute vetted code, The argument is that these automated processes can’t go rogue and do damage with these elevated privileges, which is true, sort of. In and of itself the database does not police where these account connections originate, which can pose a significant security risk should this vetted code, or passwords for these privileged accounts, become known.

Oracle has, for decades, provided after logon triggers, which can be utilized to ‘police’ accounts by reporting where they originate and, if necessary, disallowing such logons. Of course it will be necessary to record such connection ‘violations’ in a table so that they may be investigated. A “complete” script to do this is shown below:

Click through for that script, as well as additional thoughts from David.

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Password Handling in Powershell Automation Scripts

Published 2023-12-18 by Kevin Feasel

Ajay Dwivedi gives us a tip:

I have been writing automations using PowerShell for many years now. One common issue I notice with people’s code is the improper handling of passwords. In this blog, I share how to set up a Credential Manager on a SQLServer and use the same for handling passwords in automation.

To setup Credential Manager, we need to download and execute the following steps using scripts from my Github repo SQLMonitor.

One point I’d like to clarify in Ajay’s scripts is that the passwords in the database aren’t hashed. Hashing is a one-way operation, so you’d never be able to decrypt it with a passphrase. The password is encrypted and the passphrase isn’t a salt—salts are a way of making a hash unique from the plaintext to prevent multiple users with the same plaintext password from having the same salt. Encryption instead of hashing is the correct answer here because you need the plaintext of the password to perform the automated operation.

As for ENCRYPTBYPASSPHRASE(), it’s okay if you’re running SQL Server 2017 or later. For 2016 and earlier, it uses Triple DES with 128 bit key length and that’s no good.

I’d also look into the Powershell SecretStore module and possibly integrate into an existing key vault if you have one.

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SQL Server on Linux and the Built-In Administrators Group

Published 2023-12-18 by Kevin Feasel

Andrew Pruski goes messing around:

When I first started working with SQL on Linux one of the first things I did was to remove the default the [BUILTIN\Administrators] login. This is pretty much standard practice with SQL on Windows as we don’t want administrators on the server to have automatic sysadmin rights into the SQL instance.

But this login makes no sense on Linux as there is no administrators group, so it should be dropped…right?

Andrew then goes on to show us why that’s not right. Read the whole thing.

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Security in Microsoft Fabric

Published 2023-12-12 by Kevin Feasel

Alex Lisboa-Wright talks security:

In Fabric, the basic logical structure for data services is the Workspace, in which users can create Items, which are the various resources that perform all the data operations available in Fabric, such as Lakehouses, pipelines, machine learning models and so on. Each workspace is a self-contained data storage and development environment, whose user access is controlled by both workspace admins and member users. User access controls include options to manage users’ workspace roles, which determine the permissions assigned to each user. Security permissions can be managed on the workspace and item levels in the Fabric UI. MEID authentication can also be employed within Fabric, as connecting Fabric items to other Azure resources requires MEID. MEID’s Conditional Access feature can also be configured for use in Fabric (see this documentation for best practice for Fabric resources linking to other Azure services).

Read on to learn more. Fabric is a broad set of tools and technologies, so security is both important and definitely non-trivial, even when you consider that it is a software-as-a-service offering and therefore doesn’t have much going on with user-facing networking or infrastructure security.

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Databricks Security Analysis Tool

Published 2023-12-11 by Kevin Feasel

Advait Bhadane takes a look at a tool:

In today’s data-driven world a cutting-edge platform is required that seamlessly integrates with the cloud, embraces open-source innovation and prioritises robust data security. Databricks is a pioneer in this field. Not only does it provide a unified lake house platform, but it takes data protection to the next level with its Security Analysis Tool (SAT).

In this blog, we will unravel the power of Databricks’ SAT, focusing on the pivotal role it plays in generating daily health reports for your workspaces. It will also walk you through the step-by-step process of setting SAT in your workspace.

Click through to see what this tool can do for you.

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SSMS Improvements for Always Encrypted

Published 2023-12-01 by Kevin Feasel

Pieter Vanhove shares an update:

A couple of months ago we released a new version of the Always Encrypted Wizard that now supports secure enclaves and in-place encryption. With the new release of SSMS 19.2 we introduced a bunch of extra performance improvements and a big Always Encrypted Wizard enhancement. In this blog post I’m going to give you an overview of the new wizard capability and the performance improvements.

Read on to learn more about this new wizard, as well as what else the SSMS team has been working on with respect to Always Encrypted.

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An Overview of Docker Security Principles

Published 2023-11-28 by Kevin Feasel

Jagdish Mohite talks security:

Docker incorporates several inherent security features that contribute to its overall security posture. When you use Docker to quickly create an environment and test some code, security is important enough (especially if you execute any , but when using Docker for production, multi-user environments, it is essential to treat the container as you would any other server environment.

The following is a list of some of the basic security principles that are baked into Docker.

This includes some of the things Docker does for your automatically, limitations around securing containers, and common attack modes. It’s a high-level overview but interesting to read.

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Tracking Inaccessible Azure SQL DB Databases and Customer Key Cycling

Published 2023-11-27 by Kevin Feasel

Rod Edwards is watching:

This is the first follow up post from: Azure SQL TDE and Customer Keys (BYOK). Microsoft?…your name isn’t down, so you aren’t coming in. (sqlrod.com) , which explained how to use Customer Keys with Azure SQL DB (and Managed instance), and some of the dangerous pitfalls that you can face. We need to know when there may be trouble on the horizon, so key (pun fully intended) to this is monitoring.

Yes, i’m rambling on again about monitoring…but I like monitoring.

Be seeing you, Number Six.

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Methods for Authenticating to PostgreSQL

Published 2023-11-27 by Kevin Feasel

Samab Tariq builds a list:

Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system attempting to access a database. In the realm of PostgreSQL, authentication serves as the first line of defense, ensuring that only authorized individuals or applications gain entry. As the gateway to sensitive data, robust authentication is imperative, safeguarding against unauthorized access and fortifying the foundation of data protection. In this blog, we delve into the significance of authentication in PostgreSQL, unraveling its critical role in securing valuable information.

PostgreSQL supports various authentication methods to secure access to its database. The exact methods available may depend on the version of PostgreSQL you are using, In this blog we have mentioned a few of the most used authentication methods in PostgreSQL

Read on for the listing and some ideas on how to use the various options.

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