Category: Administration

Randolph West explains SQL Server memory limits in various editions:

For the sake of this post, I am talking specifically about SQL Server 2012 and higher.

Let’s break this down.

On all editions of SQL Server (Enterprise, Standard, Web, Express), there is a configuration setting called Max Server Memory. This value should not be left at the default 2.1 petabytes, because at that value SQL Server will use all the memory you allow it (plus a little bit more if it needs to), and once it has it, it doesn’t release it back to the operating system without a fight.

Read on to see what Max Server Memory actually includes, as well as additional limitations on editions other than Enterprise.

Monica Rathbun has a reminder that Virtual Log Files can be troublesome in excess:

What causes High VLFs?

As transactions force growth of the log file, inappropriate log file sizing or auto-growth settings can cause a high number of VLFs to occur.  Each growth event adds VLFs to the log file.  The more often you grow in conjunction with smaller growth segments, the more VLFs your transaction log will have.

Example

If you grow your log by the default 1 MB you may end up with thousands of VLFs as opposed to growing by 1GB increments. MSDN does a great job on explaining how a transaction logs work for a deeper dive I recommend reading it.

Read on to see how many VLFs your databases have, as well as how to reduce the number should it grow excessive.

Frank Gill gives us a demo of how much log space it takes to shrink a database file:

Yesterday, I was running a health assessment for a client. They are running a weekly maintenance plan that is shrinking all of their data files. After I picked myself up off the floor, I searched the web for “Paul Randal shrink” and hit on Paul’s excellent post Why you should not shrink your data files. In the post, Paul (b|t) demonstrates the effect of DBCC SHRINKDATABASE on index fragmentation. After the demo script, Paul writes, “As well as introducing index fragmentation, data file shrink also generates a lot of I/O, uses a lot of CPU and generates *loads* (emphasis Paul’s) of transaction log.”

This led me to ask the question, “How much is *loads*?”. To find an answer, I made the following modification to Paul’s script:

Read on for the answer.  There are legitimate reasons to shrink data files, but it comes at a very high cost.

Wayne Sheffield shows how to read and modify registry entries using SQL Server:

xp_instance_regread

In this example, I used xp_regread to read the direct registry path. If you remember from earlier, there are SQL Server instance-aware versions of each registry procedure. A comparable statement using the instance-aware procedure would be:

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EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread     ‘HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE’,     ‘Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent’,     ‘WorkingDirectory’;

This statement returns the exact same information. Let’s look at the difference between these – in the first query, the registry path is the exact registry path needed, and it includes “\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\”. In the latter query, this string is replaced with “\MSSQLSERVER\”. Since the latter function is instance aware, it replaces the “MSSQLSERVER” with the exact registry path necessary for this instance of SQL Server. Pretty neat, isn’t it? This allows you to have a script that will run properly regardless of the instance that it is being run on. The rest of the examples in this post will utilize the instance-aware procedures to make it easier for you to follow along and run these yourself.

Sometimes you just have to change something in the registry from SQL Server.  Hopefully that “sometimes” is rare.

Steve Stedman gives you food for thought if you need to run anti-virus software on your SQL Server instance:

In a perfect world, your SQL Server would be so secure that you would not need antivirus software, you would have behind layers of firewalls, nobody would ever connect with remote desktop to install anything, and it would always have all of the latest security patches… But that is not the real world.

Given that your SQL Server often times contains extremely valuable information, and that the damage that could be done by virus software, malware, and ransomware could be so great then it is strongly recommended that you run antivirus software on your SQL Server. There are some files that you will want to exclude from the virus check.

I’m not a big fan of running anti-virus software on database instances, but if you have to run it for whatever reason, be sure to check out Steve’s advice.