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Category: T-SQL

Tic-Tac-Toe In T-SQL

Published 2018-05-29 by Kevin Feasel

Riley Major implements Tic-Tac-Toe in T-SQL:

It turns out there’s a concept called bitmasking which can work a lot like this cardboard cut-out process. (Props to Dylan Beattie for his quick visual demonstration at NDC Minnesota which drove this point home.) First, you represent your game state with a bunch of bits (“OXOOOXXXX” yields “0100011110” for our example above, remembering that we’re padding that last 0 just to make the powers 1-based instead of 0-based) and then you represent your winning state with a bunch of bits (“0000001110” for our example winning state here). Now you use the magic of “bitwise math” to compare the two.

For our use, we want to find out whether our mask exposes the winning three bits. We want to block everything else out. With bits, to check if both items are true, you use “AND” (0 and 0 is 0; 0 and 1 is 0; 1 and 1 is 1). If we apply that “AND” concept to each bit in our game, it will squash out any values which don’t match. If what we have left matches the mask (fills in all of the space we can see through), then we have a match and a win.

The twist in all of this is that the end result doesn’t quite work as expected, but it was interesting watching the process.  That said, there’s a good reason why we don’t use T-SQL as a primary language for development…

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Finding Procedure Parameters Which Don’t Match Column Names

Published 2018-05-29 by Kevin Feasel

Shane O’Neill has a process to update procedures to make input parameter names match output column names:

I was asked to standardise stored procedures we use for common support cases before we hand them over to IT Helpdesk.

One of the comments that came back from the Helpdesk while testing was that the parameter names that they had to put values in for didn’t match what they saw in the application.

Luckily for me (or unluckily) the application was a third party developed one and they didn’t bother renaming the columns. So if the column is called create_date in the database then the application is going to show create_date.

However, if I created a parameter called DateCreated or even CreateDate, then they don’t want it.

Shane has a Powershell script which uses the Find-DbaStoredProcedure method in dbatools; click through to see it in action.

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Bitwise Logic To Make Values Negative

Published 2018-05-25 by Kevin Feasel

David Fowler is working with arcane magic:

The short answer to the question is to simply apply a bitwise NOT to the number that you want to convert and add 1 to the result.  I wrote about bitwise logic in The Arcane Science of Bitwise Logic and SQL Server but didn’t mention the bitwise NOT.

If you want to apply a bitwise NOT to a value, simply use the ~

Give it a go, try converting 10 to a negative,

SELECT ~ 10 + 1

The result, -10.

One of my rules of thumb (given how many I have, I need more thumbs) is that if you’re using bitwise logic in SQL Server, something has likely gone wrong somewhere along the way.  But read David’s explanation, which is quite clear.

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Executing Dynamic SQL: EXEC vs sp_executesql

Published 2018-05-24 by Kevin Feasel

Tara Kizer gives a scenario where using sp_executesql can result in lower CPU utilization than EXEC:

For frequently executed queries, “EXEC sp_executesql @sql”is a good choice but at the risk of encountering parameter sniffing issues.

For queries that aren’t executed very often, “EXEC (@sql)” can be used, but you could end up with a bloated plan cache with lots of single-use execution plans.

Let’s compare the performance difference between “EXEC (@sql)” and “EXEC sp_executesql @sql” for a frequently executed query.

For application code, I tend to lean on sp_executesql very heavily to create parameterized queries.

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Deferred Name Resolution In SQL Server

Published 2018-05-23 by Kevin Feasel

Kendra Little explains the concept of deferred name resolution in SQL Server:

In this case, I’m creating a temporary stored procedure (out of laziness, it means I don’t have to clean up a quick demo) –

CREATE OR ALTER PROCEDURE #test
AS
IF 1=0
    EXECUTE dbdoesnotexist.dbo.someproc;
GO

The database dbdoesnotexist does NOT exist, but I’m still allowed to create the procedure.

When I do so, I get an informational message:

The module ‘#test’ depends on the missing object ‘dbdoesnotexist.dbo.someproc’. The module will still be created; however, it cannot run successfully until the object exists.

This can be useful in some cases where you’ll be querying a table or procedure that may not exist all the time, but which will exist when a certain code block is run.

But, as Kendra points out, deferred name resolution doesn’t work everywhere, so it’s important to know the rules around when it will or will not work.

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T-SQL Join Delete

Published 2018-05-18 by Kevin Feasel

Steve Stedman walks us through a bit of T-SQL proprietary syntax:

1
2
3
DELETE t2
FROM [dbo].[Table1] t1
INNER JOIN [dbo].[Table2] t2 on t1.favColor = t2.id;

Names have been changed to protect the innocent.

In the above delete statement which table will have rows deleted from it?

A: Table1

B: Table2

C: Both Table1 and Table2

D: Neither Table1 and Table2

Got it in one.  I like having this syntax available to me when I need it, even though it’s not ANSI standard.

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Date And Time Functions To Avoid

Published 2018-05-17 by Kevin Feasel

Randolph West shares his thoughts on three functions he’d rather you avoid:

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP is the ANSI-equivalent of GETDATE(). ANSI is an acronym for the American National Standards Institute, and sometimes vendors will include ANSI functions in their products so they can say that they’re ANSI-compliant (which is not a bad thing, in most cases).

There are three main problems with CURRENT_TIMESTAMP:

  • No brackets. It goes against the rules about functions. So much for standards!
  • It’s functionally equivalent to GETDATE(), which uses DATETIME, which we previously identified is old and bad.
  • It’s too similar to the poorly-named TIMESTAMP data type, which has nothing to do with dates and times and should be called ROWVERSION.

Bottom line: don’t use CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

At one point I used CURRENT_TIMESTAMP over GETDATE() with the thought of portability in mind.  Since then, my thoughts on code portability have changed and regardless, as Randolph mentions, it’s better to use DATETIME2 functions to avoid precision issues with DATETIME.

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Useful Azure SQL Database T-SQL Statements

Published 2018-05-15 by Kevin Feasel

Arun Sirpal has a few T-SQL statements to help manage an Azure SQL Database database:

Creating a database

Very easy to create something like the below – a S2 database.

CREATE DATABASE [MeeTwoDB]
( MAXSIZE = 5GB, EDITION = 'standard', SERVICE_OBJECTIVE = 'S2' ) ;  

--checking details
SELECT Edition = DATABASEPROPERTYEX('MeeTwoDB', 'Edition'),
       ServiceObjective = DATABASEPROPERTYEX('MeeTwoDB', 'ServiceObjective')

Read on for several more examples.

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Views Don’t Improve Performance

Published 2018-05-15 by Kevin Feasel

Grant Fritchey lays down the law on views:

One day, it’s going to happen. I’m going to hear some crazy theory about how SQL Server works and I’m going to literally explode. Instead of some long silly rant with oddball literary & pop culture references you’ll get a screed the size of Ulysses (and about as much fun to read). However, for the moment, like Robin Williams describing a dance move, I’m going to keep it all inside. Here’s our query:

No, no where clause because we have to compare this to this, our view:

Grant used up much of his strategic reserve of GIFs in that post, so check it out.

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Deleting A Small Number Of Rows From A Big Table

Published 2018-04-30 by Kevin Feasel

Brent Ozar has a tip for deleting a relatively small percentage of data from a very large table:

Say you’ve got a table with millions or billions of rows, and you need to delete some rows. Deleting ALL of them is fast and easy – just do TRUNCATE TABLE – but things get much harder when you need to delete a small percentage of them, say 5%.

It’s especially painful if you need to do regular archiving jobs, like deleting the oldest 30 days of data from a table with 10 years of data in it.

The trick is making a view that contains the top, say, 1,000 rows that you want to delete:

Read on for a demo.

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