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Category: Locks, Blocks, and Deadlocks

Working with App Locks in SQL Server

Published 2020-01-10 by Kevin Feasel

Nisarg Upadhyay explains how to use two built-in stored procedures to take and release application locks:

For example, I want to prevent users from executing the same stored procedure at the same time. To demonstrate the scenario, I have created a stored procedure named procInsertEmployees, which inserts data into the tblEmployee table. I want to make sure that no one can access the stored procedure until the stored procedure inserts the data in the tblEmpoyee table. Moreover, I have added a waitfor delay ’00:00:15’ statement to simulate the blocking for the 15 seconds.

Application locks also allow for more complicated scenarios and you can get a bit creative when assigning resources (such as combining a process name and a parent ID).

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When OBJECT_NAME() Can Block

Published 2019-12-30 by Kevin Feasel

Andy Mallon shows us that the OBJECT_NAME() function does not care about your READ UNCOMMITTED transaction isolation level:

That’s just going to sit there and wait, and wait, and wait, and wait. Because the table was created inside a transaction, the metadata about the table is uncommitted, and thus unavailable to the second session. The result is that my second session waits & waits & waits until the first session is committed (or rolled back).

OK, so it’s being blocked due to an uncommitted transaction. We could try doing dirty reads, right? I’ll kill my second session that’s been blocked, and I’ll throw in SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;. That’s like just like using a nolock hint:

USE AM2_WTF;
GO
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ UNCOMMITTED;
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(581577110);

What the… It’s still being blocked by the uncommitted CREATE TABLE. 

Read on to understand why, and what you can do about it.

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Troubleshooting Deadlocks using Extended Events

Published 2019-11-07 by Kevin Feasel

Jamie Wick helps us figure out what’s causing deadlocks:

Recently I started getting random alerts that a job on one of the SQL servers was failing because of a deadlock problem.

The source of the problem wasn’t immediately discernible as there wasn’t any pattern to when the job was failing. Troubleshooting was further complicated by the database being written/maintained by a 3rd party vendor that encrypts all of their stored procedures.

So… How to find out what was causing the deadlock?

Extended Events are an ideal solution for this situation.

Read on to learn how.

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When Readers Block Writers

Published 2019-10-07 by Kevin Feasel

Erik Darling takes us through a scenario where readers can block writers for an extended amount of time:

To hold onto Shared locks, you’d need to use an isolation level escalation hint, like REPEATABLE READ.

I could do that here if I were a lazy cheater.

Instead, I’m going to show you a more common and interesting scenario.

This leaves the classes of non-lazy cheater and a lazy non-cheater (because non-lazy non-cheater sounds batty). Regardless of your answer, great post by Erik.

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Defining Intent Locks

Published 2019-07-26 by Kevin Feasel

David Fowler explains what an intent lock is and why it’s useful:

Let’s just imagine a World without intent locks for a moment. In that World, a user has just decided to select a row from our database. SQL at that point is going to put down a shared lock against the row.

Now what’s going to happen when another user decides to modify a bunch of rows? Now because of the number or rows involved in this modification, SQL is going to want to take out an exclusive page lock. Where’s the issue here?

Read on to learn what the issue is.

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Sleeping Sessions Holding Locks

Published 2019-07-08 by Kevin Feasel

Jonathan Kehayias walks us through an interesting scenario:

A recent consulting engagement was focused on blocking issues inside of SQL Server that were causing delays in processing user requests from the application. As we started to dig into the issues being experienced, it became clear that from a SQL Server standpoint, the problem revolved around sessions in a Sleeping status that were holding locks inside of the Engine. This is not a typical behavior for SQL Server, so my first thought was that there was some sort of application design flaw that was leaving a transaction active on a session that had been reset for connection pooling in the application, but this was quickly proven not to be the case since the locks were later being released automatically, there was just a delay in this occurring. So, we had to dig in further.

Click through to learn what the root cause was.

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Deadlock Check Frequency

Published 2019-06-26 by Kevin Feasel

Dave Bland clarifies how frequently deadlock checks occur:

Because deadlocks happen when two task permanently block each other, without a deadlock, both process will simply block forever. Of course this could never be good in a production system.  It is important that these situations be identified and dealt with in some manner.  This is where SQL Server database engine steps in, it is frequently searching the lock manager looking for deadlocks.

Click through for the answer.

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Detecting and Analyzing Deadlocks

Published 2019-06-03 by Kevin Feasel

Max Vernon has a couple scripts to analyze deadlocks in SQL Server:

Deadlock detection and analysis in SQL Server is important for the overall health of affected applications. This post shows how to setup an Extended Events session to capture deadlock details. It also provides a stored procedure to capture details from the Extended Events session. The stored procedure enables simplified permanent storage of those deadlock detection events. Next, we’ll set up a SQL Server Agent Job to run the stored procedure on an ongoing basis. Finally, we’ll see several examples of how to query the captured events. These queries support making the necessary changes to both the application and database design.

Click through for a description of what a deadlock is as well as scripts to help find and fix them.

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Defining and Setting Deadlock Priority

Published 2019-05-31 by Kevin Feasel

Dave Bland explains how you can use DEADLOCK_PRIORITY to control which process gets rolled back:

Before getting into how to set the DEADLOCK_PRIORITY, let’s quickly go over what the options are.  There are two ways to set the priority of a process. The first option is to use one of the keywords, LOW, NORMAL or HIGH. The second approach is to use a numeric value between -10 and 10.  The lowest value will be chosen as the victim.  For example, LOW will be the victim of the other process is HIGH and -1 will be the victim if the other process is greater than -1.

As I recall, index operations (like rebuilds) are automatically set to a low priority.

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