Arun Sirpal covers DBCC CHECKTABLE:
If you know about DBCC CHECKDB then most likely you will know about DBCC CHECKTABLE. Quite simply this command performs primitive system-catalog consistency checks, per-table consistency checks on the single table specified, and cross-table consistency checks on indexed views that reference the specified table. (Page 899 Microsoft SQL Server Internals 2012, Chapter 14, Page 899, Paul Randal)
There is one concept about this command that I did not know about until recently, intrigued? Read on.
I was going to say “read on” but Arun already used that line.