Derik Hammer proves that classic, non-memory-optimized table variables use disk:
Table variables use tempdb similar to how temporary tables use tempdb. Table variables are not in-memory constructs but can become them if you use memory optimized user defined table types. Often I find temporary tables to be a much better choice than table variables. The main reason for this is because table variables do not have statistics and, depending upon SQL Server version and settings, the row estimates work out to be 1 row or 100 rows. In both cases these are guesses and become detrimental pieces of misinformation in your query optimization process.
It’s worth the read.