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Category: Syntax

Odd Behavior With Altering Columns

Solomon Rutzky points out a few things which you can unintentionally change when running an ALTER TABLE [tbl] ALTER COLUMN [col] command:

If the column is NOT NULL, then not specifying NOT NULL will cause it to become NULLable. The documentation for ALTER TABLE even states:

ANSI_NULL defaults are always on for ALTER COLUMN; if not specified, the column is nullable.

Let’s see for ourselves. 

Solomon also has a couple collation-related items, including unexpected silent truncation when working with UTF-8 collations.

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LISTAGG In Snowflake DB

Koen Verbeeck continues investigating Snowflake capabilities:

Since SQL Server 2017, you have the STRING_AGG function, which has almost the exact same syntax as its Snowflake counterpart. There are two minor differences:
– Snowflake has an optional DISTINCT
– SQL Server has a default ascending sorting. If you want another sorting, you can specify one in the WITHIN GROUP clause. In Snowflake, there is no guaranteed sorting unless you specify it (again in the WITHIN GROUP clause).

It looks like LISTAGG is the ANSI standard name, though SQL Server followed Postgres’s lead in calling their function STRING_AGG.

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Capturing SQLCMD Errors

Jack Vamvas shows us how we can capture errors from SQLCMD:

I’m executing  code using SQLCMD from a batch file . The code points to a sql file and there is also an output file. 


SQLCMD -E -S MYSERVER\INST1 -i “setup_job_entry.sql” -o “setup_job_entry.log”


But I noticed that if the actual SQLCMD returns an error , for example , if I’m connecting to  an server which doesn’t exist this error message will appear in the output file – but there will  not be an ERROR number , which would allow me to trap and return an appropriate message 

There is a way and Jack shows us how.

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Diving Into OPTION(RECOMPILE)

Arthur Daniels explains some of the nuance behind OPTION(RECOMPILE) on T-SQL statements:

SQL Server will compile an execution plan specifically for the statement that the query hint is on. There’s some benefits, like something called “constant folding.” To us, that just means that the execution plan might be better than a normal execution plan compiled for the current statement.
It also means that the statement itself won’t be vulnerable to parameter sniffing from other queries in cache. In fact, the statement with option recompile won’t be stored in cache.

Click through for a couple of demos as well as a discussion of positives and negatives regarding its use.

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Preventing Execution With PARSEONLY And NOEXEC

Solomon Rutzky shows us a way to prevent accidental full script execution:

There are times when I am working on a SQL script that really shouldn’t be executed all at once. Sometimes it’s a series of examples / demos for a presentation or forum answer. Other times it’s just a temporary need while I’m in the process of creating a complex script, but once the script is completed and tested then it should run all at once. In either case, I have accidentally hit F5 too many times when I thought that a certain section of code was highlighted (so only that section would execute) but in fact nothing was highlighted so the script started executing from the very top, and either ran until completion or until I was able to cancel it (if it ran long enough for me to have time to understand what was happening and hit the “cancel” button).
So I needed some way of ensuring that a script would not execute if no section was highlighted.

Read on to learn about PARSEONLY and NOEXEC.

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Generating Tally Tables With Snowflake DB

Koen Verbeeck shows us how to use the GENERATOR function to build a tally table in Snowflake:

I’m starting a little series on some of the nice features/capabilities in Snowflake (the cloud data warehouse). In each part, I’ll highlight something that I think it’s interesting enough to share. It might be some SQL function that I’d really like to be in SQL Server, it might be something else.
In the first part: the GENERATOR function. In short, it lets you generate a virtual table with a specified number of rows, or in database lingo: a tally table (or numbers table). A tally table can help you solve a lot of problems in SQL, but the TL;DR version is that it replaces loops/cursors most of the time and allows you to tackle the issue in a true set-based manner.

Naturally, as I read the article, I got the Bad Religion song stuck in my head. That’s an occupational hazard, I suppose.

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Using IDENTITY In A SELECT Statement

Kenneth Fisher shares something he learned recently about the IDENTITY function:

Now, looking at it a bit more closely you’ll see that this is a function call, not just a property. Now, in my research for this post I did find where I’d mentioned this function briefly in my somewhat comprehensive identity post. Technically I didn’t mention so much as it was mentioned to me in the comments so I added it to the list. I guess I either didn’t look at it closely enough at the time or it’s just one of those cases where I forgot. Either way, it’s worth highlighting now.

Click through to learn more.

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Comparing Data With CHECKSUM

David Fowler shows how to use CHECKSUM and CHECKSUM_AGG to compare data:

There are times when we need to compare two tables and figure out if the data matches. I often see a number of ways of doing this suggested, most are quite slow and inefficient. I’d quite like to share a quick and slightly dirty way of doing this using the CHECKSUM and CHECKSUM_AGG functions.

CHECKSUM()
Just a reminder that CHECKSUM() will generate a checksum for an entire row or selection of columns in the row.

CHECKSUM_AGG()
Will generate a checksum for a dataset.

David then has a couple of examples showing these in action.

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Using DISTINCT With XML Data

Dave Bland has a workaround for a limitation with processing XML in SQL Server:

Since I was working on an example for my next performance class, I decided to use an example from that session.  In the query below the qp.* part of the column list will return a column named query_plan which is an XML data type.
SELECT DISTINCT pa.,cp.,qp.* 
FROM
(SELECT plan_handle
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans) cp 
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan (cp.plan_handle ) qp
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_plan_attributes(cp.plan_handle) As pa
WHERE is_cache_key = 1 AND pa.attribute = ‘set_options’
However, when I add the DISTINCT keyword I get the error below.

Read on for a workaround for this.

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Indexed View Matching

Erik Darling has a series of posts on indexed views, with the latest covering query matching even when using a keyword in creation of the indexed view itself:

There are a whole bunch of limitations in creating indexed views. One of them is that you can’t base the query on DISTINCT.

Fair enough, but you can do GROUP BY.

And what’s pretty cool is that the optimizer can match a query written to find distinct values to an indexed view with a group by.

Click through for the best example ever.

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