In addition to having an SQL Server 2016 instance with R Server installed, the following components are needed on a client machine
The Comprehensive R Archive Network
RStudio (optional)
This list is a change from the previous list I have provided as RTVS contains an installation of R Client, there is no need to download that as well. You do not need to download Microsoft R Open if you are using R Server either. Once RTVS is installed, there is a menu option on the R Tools window. Selecting Install R Client from the menu will handle the information. Unfortunately, there is no change to the menu option once R Client is installed, it always looks like you should install it. To find out if R Client has been installed, look in the Workspaces window.
In other words, fewer dependencies and an easier installation process. Read the whole thing to avoid RevoScaleR errors in your code post-upgrade.