If you landed on this post, I’m guessing you know the answer to this, so I’ll be quick. xp_sqlagent_enum_jobs is an undocumented (and thus, unsupported) extended procedure that gives information on whether a job is currently running, when it last ran, when it runs next, etc.
The supported alternative is to use sp_help_job (which calls xp_sqlagent_enum_jobs), but sp_help_job is difficult to use in automation because trying to do INSERT #temp EXEC sp_help_job will result in an error due to nested INSERT…EXEC statements. As a result, people often turn to calling the unsupported xp directly.
I never actually knew about this procedure; I always just wrote queries against the msdb tables. Andy’s solution is more elegant than what I normally come up with, though.